TC28: Glass Fibres for Reinforcement & Insulation

The working scope of this committee is summarised below. To achieve these goals, several immediate activities has been planned.

Goals:
This committee will examine all aspects of fibres excluding functional fibres. In particular it will include:

1. fibre drawing
2. reinforcement fibre
3. insulating wool fibre
4. fibre spinning

Specific areas of study will be:

Part A: Alternative raw materials; energy consumption and emission control
Part B: Viscosity & liquidus temperature; fiber spinnability; crystallisation; high temperature stability; sub Tg relaxation; fibre structure-property relations; structural heterogeneity and defects; surface chemistry; fibre surface interaction with sizing
Part C: Molecular dynamics simulation; fiber forming modelling; thermochemical modelling; composition design
Part D: Fiber strength; electrical properties; thermal conductivity; biopersistence; biosolubility; properties of composite; recylcing and recovery of fibres
Part E: Experimental techniques; new fiberising technologies; sensors for fibre forming processes

2017

Activities:

1. TC28 was formally established.
2. The website of TC28 has been set up.
3. The first TC28 meeting was held on May 23, 2017, in connection to the 12th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology, Hawaii, USA, May 21 – 26, 2017. The participants were: Manoj Choudhary (Owen Corning), Mette Solvang (Rockwool International), Shingo Nakane (NEG), Donghui Zhao (Unifrax), Yuri Vulfson (Hollingsworth-Vose), Mathieu Hubert (Corning), Andreas Prange (RWTH-Aachen), Xiujian Zhao, Kai Xu, Jihong Zhang (Wuhan Uni Tech), Yuanzheng Yue (Aalborg University).
4. Glass Fiber session was held at the 11th Advances in Fusion and Processing of Glass Symposium in Columbus OH, UAS, November 6-9, 2017.

Deliverables:

Book on fiberglass

Qun Zu and Qian Zhao (ed), High Performance Glass Fiber (in Chinese), National Defense Industry Press (China) 2017

Technical papers on fiberglass

1. Q. Zu, et. al., Compositional Effects on Mechanical Properties, Viscosity, and Crystallization of (Li₂O, B₂O₃, MgO)-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ Glasses, J. Alloys & Comp. 728 (2017) 552-563.
2. H. Li, et. al. Composite Reinforcement: Recent Development of Continuous Glass Fibers, Int. J. Appl. Glass Sci. 8 (2017) 23 – 36.
3. Y.Z. Yue, Qiuju Zheng, Fiber Spinnability of Glass Melts, Int. J. Appl. Glass Sci. 8 (2017) 37-47.
4. Y.F. Zhang, D.H. Zhao, Y.Z. Yue: Phase Transitions and Glass Transition in a Hyperquenched Silica–Alumina Glass,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 100 (2017) 3434–3439.
5. Y.F. Zhang, Y. Vulfson, Q. J. Zheng, J. W. Luo, S. H. Kim, Y. Z. Yue, Impact of fiberizing method on physical properties of glass wool fibers”, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 476 (2017) 122-127.
6. K.L. Kuzmin, S.I. Gutnikov, E.S. Zhukovskaya, B.I. Lazoryak, Basaltic glass fibers with advanced mechanical properties, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 476 (2017) 144-150.

2018

Activities:

1. The 2^nd TC meeting, September 23, 2018, in connection to the ICG Annual Meeting, Yokohama, Japan, September 23-26, 2018. The participants were: Manoj Choudhary, Daniel Neuville, Andreas Prange, Mette Solvang, Denis Okhrimenko, Yuki Yokota, Dimitri Laurent, Hong Li, Yuanzheng Yue, Qun Zu
2. At the TC28 meeting, Yue suggested to write a white paper about 10 major challenging problems in glass science and technology.
3. The Glass Fiber Symposium “Interaction between glass science and technology” was held at ICG Annual Meeting 2018, Yokohama, Japan, September 26, 2018.

Deliverables

Books

1. Half of the book entitled “Fiberglass Science and Technology: Chemistry, Processing, Characterizations, Applications, and Sustainability” has been finalized.
2. Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History and Culture will be released in the next half of 2019, in which 4 TC members contributed 4 chapters about glass fibers.

Technical papers

1. Y. F. Zhang, S. J. Liu, H. Z. Tao, D. H. Zhao,d Y. Z. Yue, Structural Response to Sub-T_g Annealing in a Hyperquenched SiO₂-Al₂O₃ Glass, J. Alloys & Comp. 741 (2018) 331-336.
2. F. Angeli1, T. Charpentier, P. Jollivet, D. de Ligny, M. Bergler, A. Veber, S. Gin, H. Li, Effect of thermally induced structural disorder on the chemical durability of International Simple Glass, npj Materials Degradation 2 (2018) 31.

Talks at the Glass Fiber Symposium in Yokohama

1. Richard K. Brow, Two-point Bend Studies of the Failure Characteristics of Glass Fibers
2. Yuanzheng Yue, Glass Fiber Forming and Relaxation
3. Minoru Tomozawa, Surface Stress Relaxation of Glass Fibers
4. Denis V. Okhrimenko, Surface Reactivity and Dissolution Properties of Alumina-silica Glasses and Mineral Wool Fibers
5. Hong Li, Alumina and Silica Sources for Continuous Reinforcement Glass Fiber Manufacturing Melting Energy Aspect
6. Andreas Prange, Development of Glass Compositions for Reinforcement Applications
7. Qun Zu, Composition Design for Special Glass Fiber
8. Yuri Vulfson, Influence of Environmental Factors on Glass Fiber Surface Properties, Morphology, and Chemical Composition

2019

Activities:

1. The 3^rd TC28 meeting took place during 25^th ICG in Boston, 1:00-4:00 pm, Sunday, June 9, 2019, where we have discussed the current and future activities related to glass fibers. 14 committee members participated in the TC meeting. 10 members presented challenging problems in glass fiber science and technology (see below). Very constructive discussions were conducted during the meeting.
2. Hong Li: There is critical need in fundamental understanding of glass fiber broken filament in relation to iron redox state (E-glass fibers); Objects: a) model system of 3-4 component glass; b) 6 components system; c) continuous basalt glass fibers
3. Dimitri Laurent: There are three problems to be investigated: crystalization, glass quality indicators and quenching effect in glass fibers
4. Yuanzheng Yue: a) fiber spinnability; b) continuous fibers from poor glass formenrs and their special functionalities.
5. Andreas Prange: Problem with sizing, e.g., fibers with higher E-modulus with good sizing!
6. Mette Solvang: a) fiber surface characterization and improvement of adhesion of additives; b) bio persistent respirable fibers could cause problems- important for new compositions, in-vitro tests-reproducible and reliable, comment final goal to accept in vitro tests instead of in vivo tests
7. Yuki Yokota: Relationship between glass properties (viscosity and surface processing) and ease of processing; focus: low temperature viscosity
8. A. Kupec (from Knauf): Melt spinnability – finding optimal chemical composition: a) what are the additional properties worth investigations; b) T_liq determination; c) tailoring redox ratio in the lab; 4) benefits of defining fragility over fiberizing temperature window
9. Wilfried Blank: Optical fibers with nanoparticles for new interesting properties, a) how to homogeneously introduce nanoparticles; b) surface tension between two glasses
10. Qun Zu: a) Diameter distribution of continuous glass fiber is broad – why? b) Optical instrument for analysis of fiber diameter (5–20 k fibers in 3 min, Diamscope instrument); c) investigation of parameters influencing diameter of fibers; 4) influence of different diameter distribution on the properties
11. Jakob König: Use of secondary raw materials and recycling of waste products
12. The fiberglass session will be held within 25^th ICG in Boston, June 14, 2019. Some of the TC28 members delivered presentations on current scientific and technological problems in the field of glass fibers.

Deliverables

Book

3/4 of the book entitled “Fiberglass Science and Technology: Chemistry, Processing, Characterizations, Applications, and Sustainability” has been finalized. The entire manuscript will be submitted to the Publisher in April 2020.

Technical papers

1. P.G. Jenkins, L. Yang, J.L. Thomason, Investigation of Atmospheric Moisture during Heat Treatment of Glass Fibers. Fibers 7 (2019) 27.
2. S.I. Gutnikov, B.I. Lazoryak, Effect of Nozzle Diameter on Basalt Continuous Fiber Properties. Fibers 7 (2019) 65.
3. S.H.Q. Barly, D.V. Okhrimenko, M. Solvang, Y.Z. Yue and S.L.S. Stipp, Dissolution of stone wool fibres with phenol-urea-formaldehyde binder in a synthetic lung fluid, Chemical Research in Toxicology 32 (2019) 2398-2410.

Talks at the Glass Fiber Session of 25^th ICG in Boston, June 14, 2019

1. Prange, Development of reinforcment fibres with high Youngs moduli
2. Y. Yue, What are the key parameters for assessing the quality of glass fibers?
3. T. Becker, Glass Fibre Strength: How testing can impact the apparent properties of glass filaments
4. Q. Zu, Design of the high performance fiberglass compositions
5. H. Li, New Low-Temperature and High Strength/Modulus Fiber Glass: Properties, Crystallization, and Network Structures
6. J. Xie, Effect of Boron Oxide on Acid Corrosion Kinetics of E-Glass Fibers
7. D. Okhrimenko, Dissolution of stone wool materials coated with organic binder in a synthetic lung fluid

2020

Activities:

1. The 5th International Glass Fibre Symposium, Aachen, Germany, May 11-13, 2020
2. TC28 meeting during the ICG Annual Meeting, Krakow, Poland, September 20-24, 2020
3. Glass fiber session in the frame of the ICG Annual Meeting, Krakow, Poland, September 20-24, 2020
4. The 6th ICG Winter School in Wuhan, China, November 1-7, 2020, with special topic: glass fibers